The absolute path for you to speak and sound like a native speaker of English.
- Listening Comprehension
You have to crawl before you walk and walk before you can run.
- Cultures' accepted discoursal sound inventory
Unknown or culturally inappropriate sounds may create an unwanted bias.
- Audio input at the phonetic level: [ ]
Background noise may distort or prevent comprehension.
- Language barrier
"Sounds all Greek to me."
- Dialects and regional differences
Geographic and historical perspectives allow migration streams to flow.
- Recognition at the phonemic level: / /
Why speakers of different dialects are capable of understanding each other.
- Language Production:
Native or near-native accuracy is obtainable through pragmatic understanding.
- Knowledge of culturally accepted discourse
Uttering taboo words in an improper context ensures negative reactions.
- Recognition at the phonemic level: / /
Why speakers of different dialects are capable of understanding each other.
- Sound output at the phonetic level: [ ]
How to improve your spoken English proficiency.
- Processes:
Initiation Process:lungs, trachea, larynx
Phonation Process:glottis, epiglottis, pharynx
Oro-nasal Process:velum: nasal cavity, oral cavity
Articulation Process:Point and Manner of Articulation
- Points of articulation
- bilabial
- labiodental
- dental
- alveolar
- postalveolar
- retroflex
- palatal
- velar
- uvular
- pharyngeal
- glottal
- Manners of articulation
- plosive/ stop
- nasal
- trill
- tap or flap
- fricative
- affricate
- lateral fricative
- approximant
- lateral approximant
- Voiced and voiceless distinction
Whether your vocal cords vibrate or not.
- Oral and nasal distinction
Whether air passes through your oral or nasal cavity.
- Lateral and central distinction
Whether air passes over or around your tongue.
- Aspirated and unaspirated distinction
Aspiration is a breathy noise generated as air passes through the partially closed vocal folds and into the pharynx: a puff of air.
- Syllable structure
How and when consonants and vowels come together.
- Corporal considerations
All orthographic rules are based here: key to active reading proficiency.
- Onset
Syllabic head: only sixty-six possibilities exist in English for your learning pleasure.
- Peak
Syllabic nucleus and foundation: where pitch, volume, and intensity ring true.
- Monophthongs
The cornerstone of vocalic manifestation: just fifteen possibilities awaiting mastery.
- Diphthongs
When short or long vowels join forces; united sounds rise and fall together: twelve possibilities.
- Triphthongs
When the vocalic fortress is well guarded on both sides: six possibilities.
- Coda
Syllabic tail: a multitude of possibilities. Heed my advice on preventing an inappropriate schwa sound in the coda.
- Consonantal clusters
Making things more difficult.
- Rhyme
All phonemes ranging from the syllabic peak to the coda: musicians and poets aspire!
- Minimal pairs
Making things easier.
- Assimilation
Making sense of it all: What you didn’t know, hurt you.
- Intonation
How can one sentence have so many meanings?
- Tone
Utilized when one's consonantal sound inventory is seriously limited, opening up a new dimension of distinction.
- Listening Comprehension
- Cultures' accepted discoursal sound inventory
- Audio input at the phonetic level: [ ]
- Language barrier
- Dialects and regional differences
- Recognition at the phonemic level: / /
- Language Production:
- Knowledge of culturally accepted discourse
- Recognition at the phonemic level: / /
- Sound output at the phonetic level: [ ]
- Processes
- Points of articulation
- Manners of articulation
- Voiced and voiceless distinction
- Oral and nasal distinction
- Lateral and central distinction
- Aspirated and unaspirated distinction
- Syllable structure
- Corporal considerations
- Onset
- Peak
- Monophthongs
- Diphthongs
- Triphthongs
- Coda
- Consonantal clusters
- Rhyme
- Minimal pairs
- Assimilation
- Intonation
- Tone